I've been thinking all through the holidays about
Howard Rheingold's differentiation between a "public" and an "audience," as he describes in this chunk I lifted wholesale from his page on
blogging for participatory media literacy:
Many bloggers serve as "intelligent filters" for their publics by selecting, contextualizing, and presenting links of particular interest for that public. In this context, a "public" differs from an "audience" because you, in your role as a blogger, have in mind when you write a community of peers who not only read but actively respond to what you write, who might act upon your advice, and who might join you in discussion and collective action. The public you choose to address could be a public in the sense of a political public sphere that undergirds democracy -- the communications you engage in with your
fellow citizens, with whom you share responsibility for self-governance. The public doesn't have to be political, however. It could be an engaged community of interest -- others who share your profession, avocation, or obsession. When fans begin writing fan
fiction or remixing and sharing cultural content, they are acting as a public -- a culture-producing public. AIDS patients organized collective action that influenced research funding and the pharmaceutical industry -- creating an effective public through their discussions about their mutual interest. What interests you -- strongly, even passionately draws your attention? Is there a community that shares your interest? Could you and the others constitute a public? Clearly defining and understanding your public is the necessary first step to developing a public voice -- the voice you use when that public, and your potential to act together, is clearly in mind when you
blog.
Erin Reilly, NML's Research Director, points to the following blogs as
examples of ones in which the authors leverage 2.0 practices; she describes these blogs as
ones that receive comments, ones where blog posts are circulated by
readers, ones where the blogger has commented on other bloggers blogs
and linked back to his / her own blog.... A few examples of my
favorites right now include:
- Ze Frank's blog... from52to48 -- check out Ze's update on this blog here.
- Style Rookie ; Tavi, a 12-year old fashion blogger -- notice how many comments she gets and google her and see how many other bloggers are linking and connecting with her.On top of that, using teen bloggers as examples could help encourage students to try it themselves.
Interestingly, and I suppose not surprisingly, the blogs like the ones Erin points to seem to be ones whose authors carry the weight of their chosen public--or at least evince an awareness of the line separating audience and public. Serving as intelligent filter is not, of course, the only or even the original purpose of blogs--indeed, if we return to the term "weblog" or consider the blog's
fairly humble and diaristic origins, we see that the medium grew in popularity as its participatory affordances were identified and capitalized upon. The blog is still quite commonly used as a form of "public diary"--see Jonathan Harris's recent 2.0 art project,
We Feel Fine, for a case study--and considering its potential for civic engagement or participation doesn't mean that we can or should discount the affordances that make it so accessible.
What we can do, I think, is consider the semiporous membrane that divides audience and public. Do we want to perform (we sometimes do) for a largely anonymous, often miniscule readership, or do we want (we sometimes do) to call our readers to action, to engagement, to participation? When do we want these different things, and why do we
want them?
We talk about the difficulty we (read: educators; read: careerists, professionals; read: adults) sometimes have in making use of 2.0 spaces such as blogs and forums--depending, as we do, on the old standards of email and meeting notes. I think this isn't necessarily always because of fear, though it's true that as we get older we do tend, don't we, toward hand-wringing. Rather, I think that when faced with the option of a 2.0 resource, we're afraid to look like we're afraid. Resistance, to us, can equal ludditism. But sometimes we resist because though the resource may exist, the impetus to make use of its 2.0 affordances may not.
Not so, my lord, objected the tragic prince;
I am too much i'the sun.
It's true that not everything is blog-worthy, that not everything is worth the effort of 2.0 (or even 3.0--do you think web 4.0 is when the robots in our brains do all the communicating for us?). But if we're going to use blogs in the classroom, if we're going to consider the
constraints and affordances of a 2.0-ready resource, we damn well better consider what makes a communication worthy of an audience or a public, what makes us want to reach out, and what makes this outreach "successful."
Jenna,
The questions you are asking here are important ones. As a regular blogger, I do indeed think of my readers as part of a public or a community which I seek to serve and my hope is that they will spread the contents of my blog to other communities to which they also maintain ties. The blog post is simply one step in a relay of information which depends on the active participation of all kinds of readers and writers. For that reason, I regularly search the blogosphere to see how and where people have responded to what I wrote. I also seek ways to incorporate the voices of the community back into the blog, which is why I use so many guest posts and interviews, even conversations between two or more contributors. I maintain a very clear mental image of the range of people who read my blog and try to balance the content I provide in order to reflect the range of interests that have surfaced in the past. The comments which people post on the blog are sparse and I have less time than I would like to respond on that level, but they are simply one trace of the much larger conversation within which a blog participates.
That said, you are right to say that the affordances of web 2.0 should be use when they are useful. There are certainly good reason to contain some kinds of conversations within a more bounded space; students need to rehearse their communications skills before they enter the larger blogosphere; schools have some responsibility to "watch their backs" as they begin to develop more responsibility and deploy more power as communicators in this new and emerging space. But schools should also question the automatic assumption that communication should always occur within the bounded, contained space of the classroom, that academic hierarchies should be retained at all times, that young people are not "ready" to assume public roles, or that the classroom would not benefit from bringing other perspectives and voices into its conversations. There are reasons NOT to use web 2.0 in schools but there are also many good reasons why schools should be considering their potential deployment.
Thanks for the reference to your post Jenna. Just talking to colleagues the other day about some of this as it applies in the workplace (and our extended workplace - the public policy arena). We often hear "I don't do technology" (as if it's all the same thing), or "but our people (customers, etc.) don't use those tools" as if it's a license not to pay attention to conversations about your issues going on outside your sandbox. Certainly there is a correlation between age and comfort-level-with social media, in particular. But I think it's also about upsetting status apple cart. We (my small team) talk about "living in rough draft" or "working out loud" (the name of our blog) to describe the the process of generating wisdom from crowds (sharing ideas to get feedback that makes them better) or engaging people around an idea when we don't have a predetermined next step. But getting many peers and colleagues comfortable with that idea takes leading by example (aka, blind truffle hunting). That means us putting ourselves out there knowing that we might make a huge public mistake that has people rolling in the aisles. In fact, I'm sure that's happened already and we just missed the joke.
Although I, personally, have experienced the frustration of being treated like furniture because I'm holding a camera or twittering on my mobile, I feel like we're finally becoming connected world I've been waiting for my whole life. But this change stuff is as much about culture (norms, habits, frames) as anything.